Tài liệu Keep Your Shop in Tune A Best Management Practices Guide for Automotive Industries docx

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1
W
hen a car is properly main-
tained, it runs cleaner and
more efficiently, and costs less to
operate. The same is true for an
automotive repair shop. By keep-
ing your shop “in tune,” you can
run a cleaner, more efficient shop
and save money.
Keep Your
Shop in Tune
A Best Management Practices Guide for Automotive Industries
Automotive related industries
create a variety of wastes, some
of which may be classified as haz-
ardous. This handbook describes
Best Management Practices (BMPs)
for automotive shops and related
industries to help control and
prevent pollution.
BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES
ARE RECOMMENDED PROCEDURES
THAT WILL HELP YOU:
• Comply with government mandated environmental require-
ments. (Specific regulations may vary from one municipality
to another. Use this handbook in conjunction with the ordi-
nances in your community. Environmental regulations can be
complex. This handbook does not cover all potential items.)
• Save money by finding ways to reduce or recycle your
wastes.
• Show customers they have made a wise choice by selecting a
shop that protects the environment.
• Protect public health and the health and safety of your
workers, by eliminating, reducing and controlling wastes.
• Reduce your liability by reducing your potential for site
contamination.
• Join other automotive repair shops in Oregon that are tak-
ing pride in maintaining a clean and healthy environment.
Automotive Industry Wastes
The individual sections in this handbook discuss solutions to a variety of automotive service
related pollution problems, listing Dos and Don’ts for proper handling of process wastes.
Reducing pollution may not be as hard as you think. A good place to start is to walk through
your shop and review all of the processes that use toxic chemicals or generate waste. You
should be able to use the information provided here to make at least one positive change for
our environment.
More Information
✔ For information about the Ecological Business Program, Mercury Switch Out and related
programs, call the Northwest Automotive Trade Association (NATA) at 503-253-9898.
✔ For more information about state and federal requirements about proper waste
management and disposal in the Tri-County area, call the Oregon Department of
Environmental Quality, Northwest Region Office, at 503-229-5263.
✔ For more information about recycling and proper solid and hazardous waste
disposal options, call Metro Recycling Information at 503-234-3000. This is also the
number to call for information about Metro’s Conditionally Exempt Generator program
for Hazardous Waste.
✔ For information about local sewage, stormwater and solid waste disposal
ordinances and recycling options, call your local jurisdiction:
City of Gresham, 503-618-2525
City of Portland (sewer/stormwater), 503-823-7740 (solid waste) 503-823-7202
City of Troutdale, 503-665-5175
Clackamas County, (sewer/stormwater), 503-353-4567 (solid waste) 503-353-4400
Clean Water Services, (sewer/stormwater) 503-846-8931
Washington County (solid waste), 503-648-8609
✔ Other information
Oregon OSHA, Health and Safety, 503-229-5910
State Fire Marshall*, 503-378-3473
*
Check local listings for your area Fire Marshall
For information about Ecological Business Program certification outside of the greater
Portland area, contact NATA at 503-253-9898.
2
A
utomotive repair shops become regulated generators if they
generate more than 220 pounds of hazardous waste per
month or have more than 2,200 pounds of hazardous waste on
site. (220 pounds is about one half of a 55-gallon drum).
METRO’S CEG HAZARDOUS WASTE PROGRAM
Shops that generate less than this amount of hazardous waste are considered
Conditionally Exempt Generators (CEGs) and are not required to register with DEQ as
a hazardous waste generator. Shops that do register as CEGs and obtain a generator
number from DEQ as part of Metro’s application process are then eligible to use
Metro’s CEG Hazardous Waste program. Metro will accept hazardous waste from
CEGs at its two household hazardous waste facilities in NW Portland and Oregon
City. Appointments are required and there is a charge for this service. Call Metro at
503-234-3000 for more information and an application package.
UNIVERSAL WASTE
You can further reduce the amount of materials listed toward your hazardous waste
generator status by reviewing waste streams that may fall under the DEQ Universal
Waste Rules. Pesticides, mercury-containing thermostats, fluorescent light tubes, and
all types of batteries can all be handled as Universal Wastes. Contact DEQ at
503-229-5263 or online at http://www.deq.state.or.us/wmc/hw/hw.htm for more
information.
MERCURY SWITCH OUT PROGRAM
Mercury is a persistent toxic compound in the environment that has been proven to
cause negative health effects. Mercury is present in various light switch assemblies in
new and used vehicles, especially American models. Automotive service shops are
encouraged to participate in a new program sponsored by DEQ, NW Automotive
Trades Association, the Oregon Environmental Council and the
Port of Portland. The program removes and replaces mercury
switches in cars to prevent the release of mercury into the envi-
ronment when vehicles are scrapped. For more information on
this program see the NATA (www.asaoregon.org) or Ecobiz
(www.ecobiz.org) websites or call NATA at 503-253-9898.
GENERATOR REQUIREMENTS
Your Requirements
as a Generator
3
Remember: Solvents and
other substances are not
wastes until the day they
are no longer usable and
are ready for disposal.
Your Requirements As a Generator
4
USED OIL
DEQ requires facilities to properly manage used oil. You can use a registered
used oil transporter to take your oil to a used oil processor.
You can also burn used oil in a space heater if the used oil
heater has a capacity of less than 0.5 million BTUs per hour
and is operated according to manufacturer’s specifications.
Burning used oil for shop heating, while acceptable, is not
recommended due to the potential to release heavy metals
as air pollutants. If you are using waste engine oil for shop
heating, be sure that no other wastes are added like solvents
or paints.
Never add any hazardous waste, like chlorinated solvents
or used antifreeze, to used oil. Adding these wastes may
render the used oil a hazardous waste and may substantially increase your
disposal costs.
ALL REGULATED AND CONDITIONALLY EXEMPT
GENERATORS SHOULD FOLLOW STEPS 1
THROUGH 6 OUTLINED BELOW:
These steps are required for regulated generators and suggested for
Conditionally Exempt Generators.
Step 1 - Identify Your Waste and Generator Status (Required for everyone)
Check waste to see if it exhibits any of the hazardous waste characteristics
(ignitability, corrosivity, reactivity, toxicity) or appears on any hazardous
wastes list, either state or federal. Additionally, DEQ allows recycling
petroleum-contaminated wastewater provided there is enough fuel in it to
warrant reclamation.
Step 2 - Obtain a Generator Identification Number
Regulated generators are required, and CEGs are encouraged, to obtain a site-
specific EPA/DEQ Generator Identification Number. Forms are available from
DEQ, 503-229-6511 and Metro, 503-234-3000. Many hazardous waste haulers
and management facilities may not accept your waste if you don’t have an iden-
tification number, even if you’re a CEG and aren’t legally required to have one.
An identification number is required to take advantage of Metro’s CEG
Hazardous Waste Program.
Step 3 - Manage Containers Properly
Many hazardous waste incidents and work-related injuries are linked
to improper or unsafe container management. To avoid these
preventable accidents:
• Do not accumulate incompatible wastes (like acids and bases, or oxidizers and flam-
mable material) in the same container or in the same storage areas;
• Store reactive and ignitable wastes according to the Uniform Fire Code;
• Make sure your hazardous waste storage area is clearly marked;
• Consider the location of containers with respect to: floor drains, electrical service
panels, heat sources, customer/employee walkways, building access/egress by the
public; and with respect to security and protection from vandalism.
Step 4 - Record Keeping
• Record all information used to identify when, who and by what means your waste
was determined to be hazardous or non-hazardous. Keep this documenta-
tion onsite.
• For both hazardous and non-hazardous waste, record all information
about hauling and disposal. Note how much, when, and by whom
(including their address, phone, etc.) it was picked up for disposal or recy-
cling. Include the transporter’s and destination facility’s EPA identifica-
tion numbers if the waste was hazardous.
Step 5 - Arrange for Proper Transportation and Disposal
You are responsible for following regulations for the safe transportation and
disposal of your waste, even after it leaves your premises. If you exceed the
CEG waste quantities you must hire a transporter that has an EPA/DEQ Identification
Number and ensure wastes are handled at a permitted hazardous waste treatment,
storage or disposal (TSD) facility. If you are a CEG you may transport your own waste
in accordance with DOT requirements to an approved disposal facility or one that
legitimately recycles or reclaims hazardous waste. Call DEQ at 503-229-5263 to verify
the transporter’s Identification Number or for more information about the TSD facility
closest to your shop.
Step 6 - Plan for Emergencies
Planning for emergencies can help prevent a small spill from turning into a dangerous
and expensive contamination problem. Make sure you train your employees to know
how to react to different types of emergencies in your shop. Be sure there is always
someone on-site with authority to commit the resources necessary to deal with a haz-
ardous waste emergency. Make sure workers who are assigned spill response and haz-
ardous materials handling have adequate training to meet OSHA requirements for their
assigned job duties.
DEQ has worksheets available to calculate your Hazardous Wastes. Some wastes
might require a laboratory analysis to determine if they are hazardous or not. DEQ
also has free training classes on hazardous waste management as well as an online
training program.
5
Your Requirements As a Generator
6
T
he purpose of
spill control is
to keep spills small
and localized, to
avoid discharges to
the storm or sani-
tary sewer system,
and to reduce your
cleanup expenses
and liabilities. You
can comply more
easily with sewer
and stormwater
requirements by
cutting down on
the liquids you dis-
charge intentionally
or accidentally
through spills. If
you are successful,
your shop’s dis-
charge will be limit-
ed to wastewater
from your bath-
rooms going to the
sanitary sewer and
rain water from
your roof and park-
ing lot going to the
storm sewer.
Spill Protection
DO:
• Have spill kits easily available, clearly labeled, located near
drain systems or near liquid storage locations, and assure staff
is trained on kit location and use.
• Keep a drip pan under the car while you unclip hoses, unscrew
filters or remove other parts. Drain fluids from vehicles that
will be stored for long periods.
• Have funnels or pumps available to dispense chemicals.
• Use shop wipes for small spills and dry absorbent material for
larger spills.
• Sweep the floor rather than wet mopping or spraying it down
with a hose. Use a damp mop for general cleanup. Consider
sealing floors with non-skid impervious materials for easier
clean up.
• Seal floor drains if possible. Verify that your work area drains
are connected to the sanitary sewer. Pretreatment may be
required prior to discharge into the sanitary sewer. Wastewater
should never be discharged into storm drains or into on-site
drywells.
• Maintain your equipment. Periodically check equipment used
to clean up spills and leaks. Also routinely check all shop
equipment for small leaks and other repair needs.
• Stencil your storm drains as a reminder that storm drains dis-
charge to local waterways. Stencils are available from your
local sewerage agency.
DON’T:
• Don’t allow spills, drips and splatters to sit for a long time
before cleaning up. These materials can wash away as water
pollution or evaporate and contribute to air pollution.
• Don’t leave drip pans or other open containers unattended, to
prevent spills. Empty containers when they become at least
half full.
• Don’t keep chemicals open to the air. Sealing containers with
tight-fitting lids will prevent spills and limit evaporation.
Tight lids also prevent the release of fumes that can create a
fire hazard.
continued
DRY SHOP
Run A Dry Shop
7
DON’T continued:
• Don’t wash down or wet mop a spill. Washing just makes the
material more mobile and can increase the overall volume of
contaminated rinse water to manage as waste.
• Don’t throw away dry absorbent if it can be reused. Wring liq-
uids into an appropriate liquid waste container. Use personal
protective gear when cleaning up spills.
• Don’t assume used absorbents can be thrown into the dump-
ster. Determine whether the waste absorbent is a hazardous
waste. If not, ask your garbage hauler whether they can go
into the solid waste dumpster.
• Don’t forget to clearly label your spill kit so that it is not acci-
dentally used as a trash can. It should be easy to locate quickly
during an emergency.
• Don’t rely on dry absorbents alone. Spill kits should also con-
tain absorbent pads and booms to contain spills. Consider use
of inlet mat covers to keep drains from conveying your spill
off your site.
• Check with your local sewerage agency to find out where your
drains lead. Most outside drains and some inside drains don’t
go to a sewage treatment plant but instead lead directly to a
stream, lake or ditch. They may drain to drywells and contam-
inate groundwater.
8
Run a Dry Shop
C
losing the loop
on many of
your services and
processes by
reusing solvents,
cooling waters, and
other catalysts can
help reduce or
eliminate the need
to discharge
wastes. The less
waste generated,
stored or dis-
charged, the lower
your regulatory
and permit
requirements.
DO:
• Prevent leaks and spills.
• Use shop equipment that does not produce wastewater. If you
must use solvents, try to contain chemicals by using enclosed
parts cleaners. Reuse solvent many times before disposal.
• Use recyclable and reusable products, when possible.
• Hire a recycling service to pick up used solvent and
anti-freeze, or recycle them onsite with a filtration or
distillation unit.
• Consider switching to water-based brake and carburetor
cleaners instead of using chlorinated spray cans.
Non-chlorinated solvents are also available.
• Keep an accurate inventory of all materials and wastes, in case
of an audit by DEQ. Don’t forget to keep track of recyclable
scrap materials like metal and scrap paper. Correctly manifest
hazardous wastes. Ask for and maintain a Material Safety Data
Sheet (MSDS) on each chemical product used in your shop.
The Oregon Occupational Safety and Health Administration
(OROSHA) requires employees to know the location of the
MSDS for each substance they use.
• Provide secondary containment for all liquid materials stored
and used in your shop. Containment measures should be sized
to hold 110% of the largest container. For example your
containment measure needs to hold 60 gallons for a
55-gallon drum.
• All hazardous materials and hazardous wastes should be kept
in closed containers unless materials or wastes are being trans-
ferred to or from the container. Used oil containers may be
open for draining filters and other parts, but only when kept
inside. Used oil stored outside must be kept in closed contain-
ers at all times.
DON’T:
• Don’t use single pass cleaning units that expend high volumes
of water or solvents.
• Don’t dispose of materials that can be reused, recycled or
traded such as solvents, batteries, metal scrap, scrap paper,
cardboard, and used automobile parts. Send shop towels to an
industrial laundry service.
continued
LIMIT YOUR DISCHARGES
Limit Your Discharges
9
DON’T continued:
• Don’t mix wastes. Combining wastes reduces your ability to
recycle and can greatly increase your disposal costs.
• Don’t throw away dirty solvent. Use it first before fresh solvent
when cleaning parts. Using filters on parts washers can extend
the life of the solvent by allowing reuse multiple times before
disposal.
• Don’t assume secondary containment must be a large tank or
concrete wall. Consider using your shop floor. Perimeter/bay
door speed bumps may be sufficient to hold spills. Any con-
tainment berming must be sealed into place with epoxy.
• Don’t let spills get off your site. Consider using conical plugs,
valves or oil check valves in all shop drains. These measures
close off drains to protect them from spills. Open them to drain
off approved discharges. Remember to re-close these measures
when the approved discharge is complete.
Limit Your Discharges
10